复杂形态钢结构设计培训班

首页 朱明之关于建筑-公众号 轻钢笔记《ALC/AAC高精砌块》

轻钢笔记《ALC/AAC高精砌块》

本来想找出之前看过的用聚氨酯发泡做粘接剂的一个砌体结构的案例,可惜没找到。想表达的内容是,砌体结构是可以粘在一起的,不是用砂浆。

可能和国内规范有冲突(我记得国内砌体结构要回弹灰缝砂浆强度的)


In Eastern and Western Europe, many AAC plants successfully supply both AAC blocks and AAC panels. Japan until today, remains a 100% reinforced elements market (fig. 5). Since 2002, reinforced element production was further perfected by the Dutch and nowadays Aircrete Europe’s technology allows manufacturing complete prefab AAC building solutions. Taking into consideration fast, economic and structural building with AAC panels, many countries today are looking for ways to introduce complete AAC building solutions in their local construction markets.

在东欧和西欧,许多AAC工厂成功地提供了AAC模块和AAC面板。直到今天,日本仍然是一个100%增强元件市场(图5)。自2002年以来,荷兰进一步完善了增强元件的生产,如今Aircrete欧洲公司的技术允许制造完整的预制AAC建筑解决方案。考虑到快速、经济和结构建筑与AAC面板,许多国家今天正在寻找方法,以介绍完整的AAC建设解决方案在其当地建筑市场。


Mergers & Acquisitions

Mergers and acquisitions wave of the 1990s has had a crucial impact on the world of AAC as we know it today. In the period between early 1990s and early 2000s, ownership of technologies, plants and brand names became disoriented. Plants, patents, technologies and patents of Durox, Ytong and Hebel ended up under one roof and named Xella. At one point,Hebel and Durox products were produced under the brand name Ytong, as all three brand names were unified under the name Ytong. In 2001, a range of factories were closed under the premise of overcapacity.Many AAC technology specialists lost their jobs. Hebel took the biggest hit as their main base in Emmering, Germany was closed, and some Hebel facilities were liquidated, stating that production  costs became too high. The market of architects, builders and especially the end consumers could not understand the disappearance of the well-known brands. Following this, the brand “Hebel” was reinstated as a brand for the reinforced products, while Ytong remained a brand for blocks. Furthermore, not a single Durox plant was closed throughout AAC’s history and AAC is produced until now in the remaining plants as well as the original Durox based plants.The period was an exodus of know-how in AAC world and many licensees had to fi nd their own way in the world of AAC.

上世纪90年代的并购浪潮对我们今天所熟知的AAC行业产生了至关重要的影响。在20世纪90年代初至21世纪初,技术、工厂和品牌的所有权变得混乱。Durox、Ytong和Hebel的植物、专利、技术和专利被集中在一个屋檐下,命名为Xella。Hebel和Durox的产品一度以Ytong品牌生产,因为这三个品牌都统一在Ytong名下。2001年,在产能过剩的前提下,许多工厂被关闭。许多AAC技术专家失去了工作。赫贝尔受到的打击最大,因为他们的主要基地在埃默林,德国被关闭,一些赫贝尔的设施被清算,声称生产成本变得太高。建筑师、建筑商,尤其是终端消费者无法理解知名品牌的消失。随后,“赫贝尔”品牌被恢复为加固产品的品牌,而“逸通”则保留了几个街区的品牌。此外,在整个AAC的历史中,没有一家Durox工厂被关闭,直到现在,在剩余的工厂和最初的Durox工厂都生产AAC。这一时期AAC领域的技术人才大量流失,许多获得执照的人不得不在AAC领域找到自己的路。

重量轻

加气混凝土砌块一般重量为500-700千克/立方米,只相当于粘土砖和灰砂砖的1/4-1/3,普通混凝土的1/5,是混凝土中较轻的一种,适用于高层建筑的填充墙和低层建筑的承重墙。使用这种材料,可以使整个建筑的自重比普通砖混结构建筑的自重降低40%以上。由于建筑自重减轻,地震破坏力小,所以大大提高建筑物的抗震能力。

保温隔热

加气混凝土的导热系数一般为0.11-0.18W/m·K,仅为粒土砖和灰砂砖的1/4-1/5,(粒土砖的导热系数为0.4-0.58W/m·K;灰砂砖的导热系数为0.528W/m·K),为普通混凝土的1/6左右。实践证明:20厘米厚的加气混凝土墙体的保温效果就相当于49厘米厚的粘土砖墙体的保温效果,隔热性能也大大优于24厘米砖墙体。这样就大大减薄了墙体的厚度,相应的便扩大了建筑物的有效使用面积,节约了建筑材料厚度,提高了施工效率,降低了工程造价,减轻了建筑物自重。

强度高

经实验,加气混凝土砌块抗压强度大于25千克/平方厘米,相当于125号粘土砖和灰砂砖的抗压强度。

加工性

加气混凝土具有很好的加工性能。能锯、能刨、能钉、能铣、能钻。并且能在制造过程中加钢筋。给施工带来了很大的方便与灵活性。

耐高温

加气混凝土在温度为600℃以下时,其抗压强度稍有增长,当温度在600℃左右时,其抗压强度接近常温时的抗压强度,所以作为建筑材料的加气混凝土的防火性能达到国家一级防火标准。

隔音性

从加气混凝土气孔结构可知,由于加气混凝土的内部结构像面包一样,均匀地分布着大量的封闭气孔,因此具有一般建筑材料所不具有的吸音性能。

机械化

就现在的情况来看,预制加气混凝土拼装大板可节省成品堆放场地;节约砌筑人工;减少了湿作业;加快了现场施工进度,提高了施工效率。

适应性

可根据当地不同原材料,不同条件来量身定造。原材料可选择河砂、粉煤灰、矿砂等多种,因地制宜。并且可以废物利用,有利环保,真正的变废为宝。

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